A. Man’s chief end is to glorify God (1Cr 10:31), and to enjoy him for ever (Psa 73:25-26).

A. The Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments (Eph 2:20; 2Ti 3:16) is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify God and enjoy him (1Jo 1:3).

A. The Scriptures principally teach what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man (2Ti 1:13; Ecc 12:13).

A. God is Spirit (Jhn 4:24), infinite (Job 11:7), eternal (Psa 90:2; 1Ti 1:17), and unchangeable (Jam 1:17) in his being (Exd 3:14), wisdom, power (Psa 147:5), holiness (Rev 4:8), justice, goodness and truth (Exd 34:6-7).

A. There is but one only (Deu 6:4), the living and true God (Jer 10:10).

A. There are three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one God, the same in essence, equal in power and glory (1Jo 5:7; Mat 28:19).

A. The decrees of God are his eternal purpose according to the counsel of his own will, whereby for his own glory he has foreordained whatever comes to pass (Eph 1:11-12).

A. God executes his decrees in the works of creation (Rev 4:11), and providence (Dan 4:35).

A. The work of creation is God’s making all things (Gen 1:1) of nothing, by the Word of his power (Hbr 11:3), in six normal consecutive days (Exd 20:11), and all very good (Gen 1:31).

A. God created man, male and female, after his own image (Gen 1:27), in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness (Col 3:10; Eph 4:24) with dominion over the creatures (Gen 1:28).

A. God’s works of providence are his most holy (Psa 145:17), wise, (Isa 28:29) and powerful (Hbr 1:3), preserving and governing all his creatures, and all their actions (Psa 103:19; Mat 10:29).

A. When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; (Gal 3:12) forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death. (Gen 2:17)

A. Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the state wherein they were created, by sinning against God, (Ecc 7:29) by eating the forbidden fruit (Gen 3:6-8).

A. Sin is any want of conformity to, or transgression of the law of God (1Jo 3:4).

A. The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression (1Cr 15:22; Rom 5:12).

​A. The fall brought mankind into a state of sin and misery (Rom 5:18).

A. The sinfulness of that state whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin (Rom 5:19), the want of original righteousness, (Rom 3:10) and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin (Eph 2:1; Psa 51:5), together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it (Mat 15:19).

A. All mankind, by their fall, lost communion with God (Gen 3:8, 24), are under his wrath and curse (Eph 2:3; Gal 3:10), and so made liable to all the miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever (Rom 6:23; Mat 25:41).

A. God having, out of his good pleasure from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life (2Th 2:13), did enter into a covenant of grace to deliver them out of the state of sin and misery, and to bring them into a state of salvation by a Redeemer (Rom 5:21).

A. The only Redeemer of God’s elect is the Lord Jesus Christ (1Ti 2:5), who being the eternal Son of God, became man (Jhn 1:14), and so was and continues to be God and man, in two distinct natures and one person for ever (1Ti 3:16; Col 2:9).

A. Christ, the son of God, became man by taking to himself a true body (Hbr 2:14), and a reasonable soul (Mat 26:38; Hbr 4:15), being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the Virgin Mary, and born of her (Luk 1:31, 35), yet without sin (Hbr 7:26).

A. Christ as our Redeemer executes the offices of a prophet (Act 3:22), of a priest (Hbr 5:6), and of a king (Psa 2:6), both in his state of humiliation and exaltation.

A. Christ executes the office of a prophet, in revealing to us (Jhn 1:18), by his Word (Jhn 20:31), and Spirit (Jhn 14:26), the will of God for our salvation.

A. Christ executes the office of a priest, in his once offering up himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice (Hbr 9:28), and to reconcile us to God (Hbr 2:17), and in making continual intercession for us (Hbr 7:25).

A. Christ executes the office of a king in subduing us to himself, (Psa 110:3) in ruling and defending us (Mat 2:6; 1Cr 15:25), and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.

A. Christ’s humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition (Luk 2:7), made under the law (Gal 4:4), undergoing the miseries of this life (Isa 53:3), the wrath of God (Mat 27:46), and the cursed death of the cross; (Phl 2:8) in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time (Mat 12:40).

A. Christ’s exaltation consists in his rising again from the dead on the third day (1Cr 15:4), in ascending up into heaven, and sitting at the right hand of God the Father (Mar 16:19), and in coming to judge the world at the last day (Act 17:31).

A. We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us (Jhn 1:12) by his Holy Spirit. (Tts 3:5-6)

A. The Spirit applies to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us (Eph 2:8), and by it uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling (Eph 3:17).

A. Effectual calling is the work of God’s Spirit (2Ti 1:9) whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery (Act 2:37), enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ (Act 26:18), and renewing our wills (Eze 36:26), he does persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the gospel (Jhn 6:44-45).

A. They who are effectually called, do in this life partake of justification (Rom 8:30), adoption (Eph 1:5), sanctification, and the various benefits which in this life do either accompany, or flow from them (1Cr 1:30).

A. Justification is an act of God’s free grace, wherein he pardons all our sins (Rom 3:24; Eph 1:7), and accepts us as righteous in his sight (2Cr 5:21) only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us (Rom 5:19), and received by faith alone (Gal 2:16; Phl 3:9).

​

Catechism Sermon Series: What Is Justification?

A. Adoption is an act of God’s free grace (1Jo 3:1), whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God (Jhn 1:12; Rom 8:17).

A. Sanctification is the work of God’s Spirit (2Th 2:13), whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God (Eph 4:24), and are enabled more and more to die to sin, and live to righteousness (Rom 6:11).

A. The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification (Rom 5:1-2, 5), are assurance of God’s love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Spirit (Rom 14:17), increase of grace, perseverance in it to the end (Pro 4:18; 1Jo 5:13; 1Pe 1:5).

A. The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness (Hbr 12:23) and do immediately pass into glory, (Phl 1:23; 2Cr 5:8; Luk 23:43), and their bodies, being still united to Christ (1Th 4:14), do rest in their graves (Isa 57:2) till the resurrection (Job 19:26).

A. At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory (1Cr 15:43), shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment (Mat 10:32), and made perfectly blessed both in soul and body in the full enjoying of God (1Jo 3:2) to all eternity (1Th 4:17).

A. The souls of the wicked shall at their death be cast into the torments of hell (Luk 16:22-24), and their bodies lie in their graves till the resurrection, and judgement of the great day (Psa 49:14).

A. At the day of judgment the bodies of the wicked being raised out of their graves, shall be sentenced, together with their souls, to unspeakable torments with the devil and his angels for ever (Dan 12:2; Jhn 5:28-29; 2Th 1:9; Mat 25:41).

A. The rule which God first revealed to man for his obedience, is the moral law (Deu 10:4; Mat 19:17), which is summarised in the ten commandments.

A. The sum of the ten commandments is to love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbour as ourselves (Mat 22:37-40).

A. The first commandment is, “Thou shalt have no other gods before me.”

A. The first commandment requires us to know (1Ch 28:9) and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God (Deu 26:17), and to worship and glorify him accordingly (Mat 4:10).

A. The second commandment is, “Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.”

A. The second commandment requires the receiving, observing (Deu 32:46; Mat 28:20), and keeping pure and entire all such religious worship and ordinances as God has appointed in his Word (Deu 12:32).

A. The second commandment forbids the worshipping of God by images, (Deu 4:15-16) or any other way not appointed in his Word (Col 2:18).

A. The third commandment is, “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that takes his name in vain.”

A. The third commandment requires the holy and reverent use of God’s names (Psa 29:2), titles, attributes (Rev 15:3-4), ordinances (Ecc 5:1), Word (Psa 138:2), and works (Job 36:24; Deu 28:58-59).

A. The fourth commandment is, “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor they cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.”

A. The fourth commandment requires the keeping holy to God such set times as he has appointed in his Word, expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy Sabbath to himself (Lev 19:30; Deu 5:12).

A. The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days (Lev 23:3), and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship (Psa 92:1-2; Isa 58:13-14), except so much as is taken up in the works of necessity and mercy (Mat 12:11-12).

A. The fifth commandment is, “Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.”

A. The fifth commandment requires the preserving the honour, and performing the duties belonging to every one in their various positions and relationships as superiors (Eph 5:21-22; Eph 6:1, 5; Rom 13:1), inferiors (Eph 6:9), or equals (Rom 12:10).

A. The reason annexed to the fifth commandment is, a promise of long life and prosperity—as far as it shall serve for God’s glory, and their own good—to all such as keep this commandment (Eph 6:2-3).

Q. Which is the sixth commandment?

A. The sixth commandment forbids the taking away of our own life (Act 16:28), or the life of our neighbor unjustly (Gen 9:6), or whatever tends to it (Pro 24:11-12).

A. The seventh commandment is, “Thou shalt not commit adultery.”

A. The seventh commandment forbids all unchaste thoughts (Mat 5:28; Col 4:6), words (Eph 5:4; 2Ti 2:22), and actions (Eph 5:3).

​A. The eighth commandment is, “Thou shalt not steal.”

A. The eighth commandment forbids whatever does or may unjustly hinder our own (1Ti 5:8; Pro 28:19; Pro 21:6), or our neighbour’s wealth, or outward estate (Eph 4:28).

A. The ninth commandment is, “Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.”

A. The ninth commandment requires the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man (Zech. 8:16), and of our own (1Pe 3:16; Act 25:10), and our neighbour’s good name (3Jo 1:12), especially in witness-bearing (Pro 14:5, 25).

A. The tenth commandment is, “Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house; thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, or his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor anything that is thy neighbour’s.”

A. The tenth commandment forbids all discontentment with our own estate (1Cr 10:10), envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour, (Gal 5:26) and all inordinate emotions and affections to anything that is his (Col 3:5).

​A. No mere man, since the fall, is able in his life perfectly to keep the commandments of God (Ecc 7:20), but does daily break them in thought, (Gen 8:21) word (Jam 3:8), and deed (Jam 3:2).

A. Some sins in themselves, and by reason of various aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others (Jhn 19:11; 1Jo 5:15).

A. Every sin deserves God’s wrath and curse, both in this life and that which is to come (Eph 5:6; Psa 11:6).

​A. To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin, we must believe in the Lord Jesus Christ (Jhn 3:16), trusting alone to his blood and righteousness. This faith is attended by repentance for the past (Act 20:21) and leads to holiness in the future.

A. Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace (Hbr 10:39), whereby we receive (Jhn 1:12), and rest upon him alone for salvation (Phl 3:9), as he is set forth in the gospel (Isa 33:22).

A. Repentance to life is a saving grace (Act 11:18), whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sins (Act 2:37), and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ (Joel 2:13), does with grief and hatred of his sin turn from it to God (Jer 31:18-19), with full purpose to strive after new obedience (Psa 119:59).

A. The outward and ordinary means whereby the Holy Spirit communicates to us the benefits of Christ’s redemption, are the Word, by which souls are begotten to spiritual life; Baptism, the Lord’s Supper, Prayer, and Meditation, by all which believers are further edified in their most holy faith (Act 2:41-42; Jam 1:18).

A. The Spirit of God makes the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word, an effectual means of convicting and converting sinners, (Psa 19:7) and of building them up in holiness and comfort (1Th 1:6), through faith to salvation (Rom 1:16).

A. That the Word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend to it with diligence (Pro 8:34), preparation (1Pe 2:1-2), and prayer (Ps 119:18), receive it with faith (Hbr 4:2), and love (2Th 2:10), lay it up into our hearts (Psa 119:11), and practise it in our lives (Jam 1:25).

A. Baptism and the Lord’s Supper become spiritually helpful, not from any virtue in them, or in him who does administer them (1Cr 3:7; 1Pe 3:21), but only by the blessing of Christ (1Cr 3:6), and the working of the Spirit in those who by faith receive them (1Cr 12:13).

A. Baptism is an ordinance of the New Testament, instituted by Jesus Christ (Mat 28:19), to be to the person baptised a sign of his fellowship with him, in his death, and burial, and resurrection (Rom 6:3; Col 2:12), of his being ingrafted into him (Gal 3:27), of remission of sins (Mar 1:4; Act 22:16), and of his giving up himself to God through Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness of life (Rom 6:4-5).

A. Baptism is to be administered to all those who actually profess repentance towards God (Act 2:38; Mat 3:6; Mar 16:16; Act 8:12, 36-37; Act 10:47-48), and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, and to none other.

A. The infants of such as are professing believers are not to be baptised, because there is neither command nor example in the Holy Scriptures for their baptism (Exd 23:13; Pro 30:6).

A. Baptism is rightly administered by immersion, or dipping the whole body of the person in water (Mat 3:16; Jhn 3:23), in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, according to Christ’s institution, and the practice of the apostles (Mat 28:19-20), and not by sprinkling or pouring of water, or dipping some part of the body, after the tradition of men (Jhn 4:1-2; Act 8:38-39).

A. It is the duty of such as are rightly baptized, to give up themselves to some particular and orderly Church of Jesus Christ (Act 2:47; 9:26; 1Pe 2:5), that they may walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless (Luk 1:6).

A. The Lord’s Supper is an ordinance of the New Testament, instituted by Jesus Christ; wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to his appointment, his death is shown forth (1Cr 11:23-26), and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporeal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace (1Cr 10:16).

A. It is required of them who would worthily partake of the Lord’s Supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord’s body (1Cr 11:28-29), of their faith to feed upon him (2Cr 13:5), of their repentance (1Cr 11:31), love (1Cr 11:18-20), and new obedience, (1Cr 5:8) lest coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves (1Cr 11:27-29).

A. They plainly teach us that our Lord Jesus Christ will come a second time; which is the joy and hope of all believers (Act 1:11; 1Th 4:16).